Chondromyxoid fibroma is a bone lesion that requires attention due to its local aggressiveness and histological peculiarities. This condition has a number of distinct characteristics that are important for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Chondromyxoid fibroma is characterized by an area of ​​bone rarefaction, generally located eccentrically in the metaphysis of long bones. One of its striking characteristics is the presence of an internal halo of bone sclerosis, which delimits the lesion from normal bone. Furthermore, it is common to observe erosion of the cortical bone, which contributes to the local aggressiveness of the lesion.

From a histological point of view, Chondromyxoid fibroma presents cellular pleomorphism, with areas of chondroid, fibrous tissue and abundant myxoid material. Often, multinucleated giant cells can also be seen, which adds complexity to the diagnosis. It is worth mentioning that this lesion can occur in association with aneurysmal bone cysts, which can influence treatment options and prognosis.

In terms of incidence, Chondromyxoid fibroma tends to occur more frequently in the proximal metaphysis of the tibia, mainly affecting adolescents and young adults. This specific distribution may be useful in the differential diagnosis with other bone lesions.

The treatment of Chondromyxoid Fibroma is mainly surgical. Generally, partial parietal resection of the lesion is performed, accompanied by local adjuvants, such as phenol, electrothermia or liquid nitrogen, and bone grafting, when indicated, in addition to filling the cavity with orthopedic cement or bone substitutes. In more advanced cases, segmental resection may be necessary. Curettage can also be used in joint regions, but must be carried out carefully to avoid recurrences.

In summary, Chondromyxoid fibroma is an uncommon bone lesion, but one that requires attention due to its local aggressiveness and potential for recurrence. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to ensure good clinical evolution and prevent long-term complications.